The 4 phases of cloud migration are assessment and planning, migration, optimization and management/maintenance. In the assessment and planning phase, organizations evaluate their current IT infrastructure and develop strategies for the process of migrating assets to the cloud. During migration, data is switched over to the cloud, with careful planning to minimize disruptions. Optimization focuses on fine-tuning cloud resources for performance and cost-effectiveness. Finally, in the management and maintenance phase, monitoring to ensure security of the cloud environment will conclude the migration process.